LoRaWAN sensors for buildings
Milvian AI teamFacilities and infrastructure intelligence
LoRaWAN is a low-power, long-range wireless network for small, infrequent readings. It suits meters and environmental sensors in existing buildings because it needs no new cabling.
How LoRaWAN works
LoRaWAN devices send small packets over licence-free radio bands to gateways, which forward them over the internet or a local network to a network server. Because devices transmit briefly and sleep in between, many run on batteries for years, depending on reporting interval and radio conditions.
One gateway can cover large parts of a building or campus, since the radio penetrates floors and walls better than Wi-Fi at low data rates. That makes it practical in occupied buildings, plant rooms and basements where running cable is slow or disruptive.
LoRaWAN compared with other options
| Option | Best for | Limits |
|---|---|---|
| LoRaWAN. | Meters and sensors reporting every few minutes. | Low data rate, no streaming. |
| Wi-Fi. | High-bandwidth devices with power. | Power hungry and tied to IT networks. |
| Wired BACnet or Modbus. | Plant and controllers. | Cabling cost in finished spaces. |
| Cellular. | Remote single sites. | Per-device data plans. |
Security
LoRaWAN encrypts payloads end to end between device and application, and separately authenticates each device to the network with its own keys. Practical security comes from key management: who provisions devices, where keys are stored and whether the network server is private or shared.
What it is not good for
LoRaWAN is a poor fit for anything needing fast response or high bandwidth: video, continuous vibration waveforms or tight control loops. Complex equipment such as air handlers and chiller plants is better reached over BACnet or Modbus through a field device controller. Simple loads such as exhaust fans or lights can be switched by LoRaWAN relays.
Planning a deployment
- Run a wireless surveyCheck signal at every planned device location.
- Place gatewaysUsually high and central, with power and backhaul.
- Set reporting intervalsBalance data freshness against battery life.
- Watch device healthTrack connection rate and battery voltage from day one.
Where Aqueduct fits
Aqueduct onboards LoRaWAN meters, air quality sensors and relays alongside BACnet, Modbus, MQTT and other devices, all in aQ Core. Each device shows connection rate and battery or capacitor voltage, so a team knows which sensor needs replacing. LoRaWAN relays switch simple loads where control is enabled, with owner approval, and the Wireless Survey tool supports gateway planning.
